"No man is allowed to be a judge in his own cause, because his interest would certainly bias his judgment, and, not improbably, corrupt his integrity. With equal, nay with greater reason, a body of men are unfit to be both judges and parties at the same time"
It's because of this that people aren't running around with total power because people would act biased if they were asked to confess for actions they have taken or for giving someone power. It allows for people to be put on trial fairly so that people aren't just released and incarcerated freely because of bias.
"The effect of the first difference is, on the one hand, to refine and enlarge the public views, by passing them through the medium of a chosen body of citizens, whose wisdom may best discern the true interest of their country, and whose patriotism and love of justice will be least likely to sacrifice it to temporary or partial considerations. Under such a regulation, it may well happen that the public voice, pronounced by the representatives of the people, will be more consonant to the public good than if pronounced by the people themselves, convened for the purpose."
This is a big reason of why America's government and population is so diverse it's because the government doesn't rule over the people tyrannically. It's the people who have the power and freedom to do what's right. Instead of making decisions and angering people the people choose and what passes must mean that the majority agrees with that idea such as through elections or changing laws.
Federalist Essay 51:
"In a free government the security for civil rights must be the same as that for religious rights. It consists in the one case in the multiplicity of interests, and in the other in the multiplicity of sects. The degree of security in both cases will depend on the number of interests and sects; and this may be presumed to depend on the extent of country and number of people comprehended under the same government."
This is also another reason why the American government works because it shows the meaning of no bias by making everything as equal and fair as possible. They make different branches for dealing with different matters equally. With this it can make it so no one will be left out with problems.
"A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. This policy of supplying, by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives, might be traced through the whole system of human affairs, private as well as public. We see it particularly displayed in all the subordinate distributions of power, where the constant aim is to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that each may be a check on the other that the private interest of every individual may be a sentinel over the public rights. These inventions of prudence cannot be less requisite in the distribution of the supreme powers of the State. But it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense."
Though having a free system where the people have the power is great, it's one that could fall apart easily because of people's differing opinions and views on things. The government had to ensure that they could still keep some degree of control to keep people in line and let them freely make their own decisions.
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